What do you see?

If you were to look at your finger,

what tissues would you see from the outside to center of your finger?

Take a guess, then move your cursor over the slide for the answer.

Are you guessing right?

Are you there yet?

Good Job!

Directional Terms

1.         anterior (ventral)– front side of body, face side

2.        posterior (dorsal)– back side of body

3.        superior– above

4.        inferior– below

5.        medial–  toward the middle

6.        lateral– toward the side

7.        proximal– toward the point of origin of a limb or structure

8.        distal– away from the point of origin of a limb or structure

9.        superficial– toward the surface

10.     deep– away from the surface

11.     peripheral– away from the center

12.     supine-lying face up, palms anterior

13.     prone-lying face down, palms posterior

New Muscle PowerPoints

You can find the new Muscle PowerPoints page  Here.

or select your preference below

Lower Muscle PowerPoint   (Updated 020410)

Upper Muscle PowerPoint

Pathways

Pathways – Circulatory ♥

This lecture section – lets do circulatory pathways!

Like taking a trip to the beach, we will need to travel on certain roads to get there and back, and because we have limited time for this pleasure (we have toooo much anatomy studying to do) we must take the quickest path to get there and back.

 

 

I will state a FROM location, and a TO location. See if you can get there and back. Please don’t forget about the little side streets (or our ‘ACVs’-arterioles, capillaries, venules).

Starting Simple, Pathway #1:

FROM Superior Vena Cava TO Pulmonary Veins   Answer Pathway #1   (11 steps)

 

Pathway #2 FROM Hepatic Vein TO Brain       Answer Pathway #2  (22 steps)

Pathway #3 FROM elbow of right arm TO Spleen    Answer Pathway #3 (long one!)

Pathway #4 FROM Thoracic Vertebral Column TO Left Ovary  Answer Pathway #4 (25 steps)

Pathway #5 Pulmonary Circulation     Answer Pathway #5 (16 steps)

Pathway #6 FROM Pancreas TO Spleen    Answer Pathway #6  (30 steps)

Pathway #7 FROM 3rd Digit of the Right Hand TO 3rd Digit of the Left Hand  Answer Pathway #7 (32 steps)

Daily 5

 

   Play the Daily 5

                      

 

 

 

 

(E4-D5-1)            Answers

(E4-D5-2)            Answers

(E4-D5-3)            Answers

(E4-D5-4)            Answers

(E4-D5-5)            Answers

(E4-D5-6)            Answers

(E4-D5-7)            Answers

(E4-D5-8)            Answers

(E4-D5-9)            Answers

(E4-D5-10)          Answers

(E4-D5-11)          Answers

(E4-D5-12)          Answers

(E4-D5-13)          Answers

(E4-D5-14)          Answers – Last one!

 

 

 

 These questions are for Exam IV, on PNS, ANS, Crainal Nerves, Ear and Eye

 

To help get those synapses working a daily 5-questions for 2 weeks was created to help with this exam. You can:

• select the question
• write your answers down
• check your answers  

 

 

 

(E4=Exam 4, D5=Daily 5, 1= number, this is the first)

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

Brachial Plexus

This video is by the Medical College of Georgia – Gross Anatomy and is available for free from itunes.

Cat Circulation Model

Upper Body Muscles – Deltoids

Taking anatomy at the community college in Antelope Valley is sometimes like putting together a puzzle. Here is a way to help with the memorization. Using stories or mnemonics can help.

Deltoids

There are three sections that unite to create the Greek triangle. The names of the three specify their origins. Starting from the back (dorsal): spinodeltoid, acromiodeltoid, and clavodeltoid. They all unite into a tendon and insert on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

 

In this order from back to front the three sections spell S-A-C.

Their actions create this phrase: Easy AB For deltoids!

spinodeltoid is Easy or extends, acromio is AB or abducts, and clavo is for flexes. Their actions are all on the humerus.

S        A        C       

Easy  AB  For  deltoids!

Scapula Muscles

This is a story. We are applying a soft-ball type of analogy, though I don’t play baseball, so just play along with me. Move your arm with the story!

 

In order to pitch the ball, we will use the supraspinatus muscle to abduct our arm away from our body, then using the infraspinatus, we will laterally rotate our arm for the pitch, but wait, the sub-pitcher wants in….subscapularis likes to pitch different, he will use a medial rotation, and then of course using our last muscle on the scapula bone, our teres major will adduct, bring our arm back in. Sometimes even extending it if the sub was used.

 

So that’s the story, they all work the humerus.

 

The supraspinatus abducts the humerus

The infraspinatus laterally rotates the humerus

But wait the sub pitcher wants in and,

subscapularis medially rotates the humerus

teres major brings it back in, adducts (or even extends)

What’s the difference between Affect/Effect?

This is a confusing issue, and can easily be decided – effect is a noun, and affect is a verb.

But sometimes there are special cases where it isn’t so black and white. These are the some points to help.(See what each word means below)

Affect – as a verb: to act upon; as an adjective: influence by an outside force

Also it gets a little daunting when it is used in the medical practice. Affect can be used when we are talking about attacking or infecting such as a disease. Exp: Fever can affect the heart. or …The disease did not affect her skin.

It is influencing. Use the word ‘influence’ in place of affect to see if it works. Or try ‘change’ – then it is more likely effect.

Effect – as a noun: result, consequence; as a verb: to bring about

Think of it meaning result. If you have a word ‘the’ or ‘an’ in front, (also take, into, any, and, no) it is most likely effect. Exp: The effect of hot water on ice is…. or…..It is an effect of the following….

Effect can sometimes/but rarely used as a verb. Such as creating. If you can replace “result”, or “to bring about” for “effect” – But when in doubt, use Affect.

If you were to try to place ‘result’ in for the sentence used in Affect – The disease did not result her skin. It doesn’t make sense.

To make things more complicated, Effect can be used in scientific areas such as when you are talking about ’cause and effect’ – Who was the doctor who effected a cure for polio?

Lastly, if you understand all the above, then you should get this defining line: IF YOU AFFECT A SITUATION, YOU HAVE AN EFFECT ON IT.

Affect (fromyourdictionary.com)

1. To have an influence on or effect a change in: Inflation affects the buying power of the dollar.
2. To act on the emotions of; touch or move.
3. To attack or infect, as a disease: Rheumatic fever can affect the heart

Effect (fromyourdictionary.com)

1. Something brought about by a cause or agent; a result.
2. The power to produce an outcome or achieve a result; influence: The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. The government’s action had no effect on the trade imbalance.
3. A scientific law, hypothesis, or phenomenon: the photovoltaic effect.
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4. Advantage; avail: used her words to great effect in influencing the jury.
5. The condition of being in full force or execution: a new regulation that goes into effect tomorrow.
6.  
   1. Something that produces a specific impression or supports a general design or intention: The lighting effects emphasized the harsh atmosphere of the drama.
   2. A particular impression: large windows that gave an effect of spaciousness.
   3. Production of a desired impression: spent lavishly on dinner just for effect.
7. The basic or general meaning; import: He said he was greatly worried, or words to that effect.